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Summary: Have too many problems after updataing to macOS Catalina? Don't like running macOS Catalina on your Mac anymore? This post will teach you how to downgrade from macOS Catalina to macOS Mojave, or High Sierra, Sierra, El Capitan, etc. without data loss.
Since the latest release of macOS Catalina, it is very possible for you to run into problems after macOS Catalina update.
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For example:
- Mac won't boot after macOS Catalina update.
- Your Mac became overheating.
- macOS Catalina made your Mac slow.
- Some of your Apps didn't work.
- macOS Catalina couldn't connect to WiFi or Bluetooth.
- iCloud was not available.
- Data was lost after macOS Catalina update.
If troubles strike too often, downgrading from macOS Catalina to Mojave, or any other previous stable version of Mac operating system, could solve all the annoying update problems.
Keep reading to learn how to roll back to Mojave from macOS Catalina without losing data. It's also helpful if you need to downgrade from macOS Mojave to High Sierra/Sierra because the operations are pretty much the same.
- Table of contents
- 1. Back up data
- 2. Write down your passwords
- 3. Erase Mac drive
- 4. 2 Solutions to downgrade from macOS Catalina to Mojave
- 5. Conclusion
Tips: You won't be able to come back to this tutorial during downgrading process on the Mac. It will be more convenient for you to print this tutorial out or open it on another device.
Back up data before downgrading from macOS Catalina
Before proceeding with downgrading from macOS Catalina, one thing you have to keep in mind is: the process of downgrading operating system will need you to reformat the startup disk and reinstall macOS onto it. You won't be able to access the folders and files created and software downloaded while you were using macOS Catalina.
Therefore, it is very important to back up your Mac computer or important data first.
There are 2 ways you can back up your important data on Mac:
1. Back up data using Time Machine
Time Machine is a built-in software for Mac users to back up the computer. It will back up the whole computer including operating system, software and files from the current macOS Catalina, and the backup won't affect the Time Machine backups you made before macOS 10.15 update.
• How to backup Mac with Time Machine?
Time Machine backs up your computer every hour for the past 24 hours if it was set up to back up automatically, so in this situation you had better back it up manually.
2. Back up data by copying and pasting
You can copy and paste the files you want to keep to an external drive or a cloud-based storage such as Dropbox and iCloud. During copying files, you can decide whether you want to copy all files on this computer or just some important files.
Write down your passwords
If you have used the macOS 10.15 for a while, you must have saved many passwords with it as such as passwords for Google related accounts and newly changed FaceBook/Twitter/Apple ID passwords. After you downgrade to an older version, it is very likely that you will lose them. Therefore, it is recommended that you write down them now.
By now, you have had adequate backup of your data on the Mac running macOS Catalina and saved your passwords. You can move on to erase the Mac drive and downgrade from macOS Catalina.
Erase the Mac drive
Downgrading Mac operating system will definitely need you to erase Mac drive, so let's begin with how to erase Mac drive.
Before proceeding, make sure your Mac is connected to the Internet and connected to power if it is a laptop such as MacBook, MacBook Air or MacBook Pro. Because the process will take a while, you definitely don't want your laptop to shut itself down halfway.
Warning: The instructions described below might cause permanent data loss because startup disk will be formatted and macOS will be reinstalled onto it. Do not proceed without full backups. Go back to the previous section to back your data up now!
Follow the steps below to erase Mac startup disk:
Step 1: Click on the Apple icon at the left top corner and choose Restart, and then press one of the following keys to boot into macOS Recovery Mode:
Step 2: Release the keys until Apple logo shows up or you see it's loading startup options. The Mac now boots into macOS Recovery mode.
• What to do when Mac Recovery mode not working
Step 3: Choose Disk Utility in macOS Utilities window.
Step 4: Click on Continue.
Step 4: Select the startup disk and click on Erase.
Step 5: Give the startup disk a name and format it.
You can format the drive either to APFS or HFS+ (Mac OS Extended). If you want to downgrade to macOS Mojave or High Sierra, format it to APFS. If you want downgrade to macOS Sierra or earlier, format it with HFS+.
Step 6: Click on Erase button to format the startup disk.
Step 7: Click on Done button and quit Disk Utility.
The Mac drive has been erased and formatted and then let's move to downgrade to macOS Mojave.
![Totally Cool Boys Mac OS Totally Cool Boys Mac OS](https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Mac-mini-M1-Geekbench-multi-macOS-640x480.jpeg)
Downgrade from macOS Catalina to Mojave
Finally, you have come to the section of macOS Catalina downgrade. Before you go further, you might find yourself in one of the situations below:
- Situation 1: You have backed up your Mac with Time Machine before you upgraded to macOS Catalina - go to Solution 1.
- Situation 2: You didn't back up the Mac with Time Machine before you upgraded to macOS Catalina - go to Solution 2.
Solution 1: Restore macOS Mojave from Catalina with Time Machine backups
This process requires you having Time Machine backups of older versions of macOS before you upgraded to macOS Catalina. You can restore to macOS Mojave from those Time Machine backups directly.
Follow the guide on how to downgrade from macOS Catalina to Mojave using Time Machine:
Step 1: Click on Apple icon and choose Restart and then hold down Command + R simultaneously right away until you see the Apple logo.
Step 2: Connect the Time Machine backup drive to the Mac.
Step 3: Choose Restore From Time Machine Backup in the macOS Utility screen and click Continue.
Step 4: Select the backup disk as the source.
Step 5: Select a most recent backup of macOS Mojave version you want to downgrade to for the list.
Other than macOS Mojave, if you have multiple available Time Machine backups of different Mac OS, such as High Sierra, Sierra, El Capitan or earlier versions, you also can choose to go back to one of them.
Step 6: Follow the onscreen instructions.
The restore process will take a while, why not go grab a cup of coffee and come back to check the Mac after 30 minutes.
If you don't have Time Machine backup to help you restore to macOS Mojave, don't worry. You still can revert back to macOS Mojave without a Time Machine backup.
Solution 2: Revert back to macOS Mojave without Time Machine backup
Method 1: Restore Mac if your Mac shipped with macOS Mojave
If your computer shipped with macOS Mojave, it will be very easy to downgrade from macOS Catalina to Mojave by restoring the Mac.
Step 1: Restart the Mac and hold down Command + Option + Shift + R keys. Those keys will make the Mac to install the OS that came with your Mac.
Step 2: Release the keys until a startup screen appears.
Step 3: Choose Reinstall macOS with a Mojave icon in macOS Utilities window in macOS recovery.
Step 4: Wait until the reinstallation is done and follow the wizard to get the Mac ready.
If your Mac came with another version of Mac OS, this method won't work to downgrade to macOS 10.14. Keep reading to use APFS snapshots or a bootable installer.
Method 2: Go back to macOS Mojave with APFS snapshot
Snapshot is a built-in feature in APFS file system. It can store the state of the APFS file system at a certain point of time. Snapshots are automatically taken before the system updates, usually the major updates. If an APFS snapshot had been taken before you upgraded to macOS Catalina, you will be able to roll back to the previous state of the Mac using that snapshot.
Totally Cool Boys Mac Os X
However, there are risks using this method. First, which Mac OS version you can go back to depends on when the snapshot was taken. Generally speaking, it is supposed to take a snapshot of the OS you installed on your Mac before you update the system. But nobody can guarantee. Second, any files saved after the APFS snapshot was taken will be lost for good if you roll back to the state where the snapshot was taken. Third, this method only works for a Mac running macOS 10.13 and later because macOS 10.12 and earlier don't support APFS file system nor the APFS snaphot feature.
After realizing the limitation of this approach, you can follow the steps below to downgrade Mac OS from macOS Catalina to Mojave or other versions using APFS snapshots.
Step 1: Restart the Mac and hold down Command + R keys immediately before the Mac starts up.
Step 2: Release the keys until Apple logo appears.
Step 3: Wait for the Mac to finish booting to macOS Recovery.
Step 4: Choose Restore From Time Machine Backup in the macOS Utility screen.
Step 5: Select a state you want to downgrade to (the newest snapshot is recommended) from the local snapshot list.
Step 6: Click Continue.
Method 3: Install macOS Mojave using a bootable installer
Another option that you can roll back to macOS Mojave without Time Machine backup is to create a bootable drive of macOS Mojave. It is handy if your Internet connection is not stable/slow or you can't boot into macOS Recovery mode.
Tips: If you are using an iMac Pro, MacBook Pro, MacBook Air or Mac mini in 2018 or later, the Mac probably will refuse to boot from an external drive. That's because those Mac computers have T2 security chip to prevent your Mac from booting from an untrusted hardware at startup. And T2 chip Mac data recovery also becomes relatively difficult. You will need to allow the Mac to boot from the external drive first in macOS Recovery mode first. You need to go to 'Utilities' at the menu bar, then 'Startup Security Utility' and click 'Allow booting from external media'.
The method is listed at last because it involves with command line. But the detailed instructions below will walk you through.
Follow the steps to downgrade from Catalina to Mojave with an installer:
Step 1: Search macOS Mojave installtion files from App Store.
You can also download the installation files from Apple Support or somewhere else to an external drive directly, but you have to make sure you have the official copy of the Mac OS to avoid damages to your Mac.
Step 2: Quit installing if the installation files start to install.
Step 3: Connect the external drive with at least 16GB capacity to the Mac.
Step 4: Open Disk Utility and erase the external drive (not volume) with Mac OS Extended (Jornaled) or APFS and GUID scheme. If you can't see the disk name, click View and select Show All Divices.
Step 5: Leave the name of the disk as 'Untitled' as default. You can change it as you like though.
Step 6: Open Terminal through Finder > Applications > Utilities.
Step 7: Run the following command, and you can copy and paste it:
Remember to change 'Untitled' to the name of your volume name. If you are going to create a bootable installer for other versions, the command line will vary.
Step 8: Input correct administrator password and hit Enter. You won't see any letters or numbers when you input the password.
Step 9: Press Y to erase your drive (again) and create the installer.
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Step 10: Wait until the Terminal shows the creation of the bootable installer is done. You can install multiple OS on your drive with enough capacity.
Step 11: Restart the Mac and hold down Option key immediately until you see a list of systems to start up your Mac.
Step 12: Select the external drive with macOS Mojave on it and follow the onscreen wizard to finish the process.
By the way, the reinstallation of macOS Mojave over Internet or with a bootable drive of macOS Mojave only reinstalls the system software. It means you have to restore your files and personal settings from backups manually. After you have restored all applications, documents, settings, and more to your computer, you are good to go.
If you have files lost during the downgrading process, you can recover them with iBoysoft Data Recovery Software for Mac.
Conclusion
As you can see, it is totally possible to downgrade from macOS Catalina without lossing data.
Moreover, it is an all-time suggestion that you should have backed up your computer whenever there will be major changes to your Mac, especially before you are going to upgrade or downgrade your Mac operating system. The backups can be great resources for you to restore Mac operating system and important files.
• How to downgrade macOS Big Sur to macOS Catalina
Every major version of Mac OS X macOS has come with a new default wallpaper. As you can see, I have collected them all here.
While great in their day, the early wallpapers are now quite small in the world of 5K and 6K displays.
If you want to see detailed screenshots of every release of OS X, click here.
If you are looking for Mac OS 9 wallpapers, this page is for you.
Totally Cool Boys Mac Os X
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10.0 Cheetah & 10.1 Puma
The first two releases of Mac OS X shared the same wallpaper. The sweeping blue arcs and curves helped set the tone of the new Aqua interface.
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10.2 Jaguar
Jaguar took the same Aqua-inspired theme but added some depth and motion to things. In my head, the trails streaking across the screen were from a set of comets.
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10.3 Panther
While Panther inflicted Macs everywhere with Brushed Metal, its wallpaper stayed on brand, refreshing the original 10.0 image.
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10.4 Tiger
Many consider Tiger to be the best “classic” version of Mac OS X. While that may or may not be true, it is my favorite Aqua-inspired wallpaper.
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10.5 Leopard
Complete with a revised, unified user interface and shiny new Dock, 10.5 broke the Aqua mold. As such, Leopard was the first version of OS X to break from the Aqua-themed wallpaper. It ushered in the “space era” of OS X wallpapers, which was used heavily in the new Time Machine interface as well.
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10.6 Snow Leopard
The “no new features” mantra for Snow Leopard didn’t ban a new wallpaper, thankfully. This starscape is still one of my favorites.
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10.6 Snow Leopard Server
The server version of Snow Leopard came with its own unique wallpaper that is a real treat:
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10.7 Lion
Lion kept up the space theme, this time showing off the Andromeda galaxy. The space nerd in me likes the idea, but the execution of this one leaves dead-last on my list of favorites.
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10.8 Mountain Lion
Just like Snow Leopard before it, with Mountain Lion, Apple opted to clean up and revise the existing theme as opposed to changing directions for what would be a less-impactful release of OS X.
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10.9 Mavericks
Mavericks marked the beginning of Apple’s “California location” naming scheme for Mac releases. The wave depicted looks as intimidating as the ones in the famous surfing location.
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10.10 Yosemite
Yosemite brought another UI refresh to the Mac, making things flatter and more modern. The wallpaper ushered in a new era based on … well … mountains.
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10.11 El Capitan
Named after a breathtaking spot in Yosemite National Park, El Capitan was a clean-up year after 10.10.
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10.12 Sierra
More mountains.
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10.13 High Sierra
Even more mountains.
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10.14 Mojave
No more mountains! Mojave brought a new system-wide Dark Mode, and the OS shipped with two versions of its default wallpaper to match. Users could even have macOS slowly fade between the two background images over the course of the day.
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10.15 Catalina
macOS Catalina brought big changes to the Mac, including the ability to run iPad apps natively, opening the platform up to a much larger number of developers than ever before. Catalina shipped with multiple variants of its default wallpaper, and the ability to shift between them as time progresses throughout the day:
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![Cool Cool](https://i.pcmag.com/imagery/articles/01wgnNSzDBcrFUoJVFO4yPj-36.fit_lim.size_1050x.png)
macOS Big Sur
Totally Cool Boys Mac Os Catalina
This version of macOS is such a big deal, Apple changed the version number to 11.0. It will be the OS that brings support for Apple Silicon-powered Macs, and features a brand new design.
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Totally Cool Boys Mac Os Catalina
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